A testicular exam checks the testicles for lumps, swelling or changes. Doctors may do one during a physical exam or sports physical. Many men also learn a simple self-exam so they notice changes early.
Check what you know with the free testicular exam quiz.
Key takeaways
- Testicular cancer is most common between ages 15 and 40, but it is rare and very treatable.
- Check after a warm shower; roll each testicle gently between thumb and fingers.
- The epididymis at the back is normal; a hard, painless lump on the testicle isn’t.
- Sudden severe pain can be torsion, an emergency. Get care immediately.
USA Testicular Exam: Quick Facts
- Self-exam time
- A few minutes, after a warm shower
- Peak cancer age
- 15–40
- Emergency sign
- Sudden severe pain/swelling
- USPSTF screening
- Not recommended without symptoms
How to Do a Testicular Self-Exam
- Do it during or after a warm shower, when the scrotum is relaxed.
- Hold each testicle between your thumbs and fingers and roll it gently.
- Feel for hard lumps, smooth bumps, or changes in size, shape or firmness.
- Find the epididymis (a soft tube at the back) so you know it’s normal.
- Compare sides; it’s normal for one testicle to be slightly larger or hang lower.
When to See a Doctor
Go to the emergency room for sudden, severe testicular pain or swelling, especially with nausea. Testicular torsion needs surgery within hours. See a clinician soon for any new lump, a feeling of heaviness, or a dull ache in the lower belly or groin. Ultrasound is the first test for a scrotal lump.
More on When to See a Doctor →Free practice test
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Go to the USA Testicular Exam practice test →USA Testicular Exam FAQs
How often should you do a testicular self-exam?
There is no official schedule. Many clinicians suggest a monthly check so you know what’s normal for you.
Full answer →Do doctors recommend testicular cancer screening?
The USPSTF recommends against routine screening of men without symptoms. Report any changes you notice to a clinician.
Full answer →Is a lump always cancer?
No. Many lumps are cysts, varicoceles or hydroceles, but any new lump should be checked.
Full answer →Official sources
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