Short answer
The Lachman test is the most sensitive clinical test; the pivot shift is highly specific.
Knee Special Tests
| Test | Suggests |
|---|---|
| Lachman / anterior drawer | ACL tear |
| Posterior drawer / sag sign | PCL tear |
| Valgus stress (at 0° and 30°) | MCL injury |
| Varus stress | LCL injury |
| McMurray / Thessaly / joint line tenderness | Meniscal tear |
| Patellar apprehension | Patellar instability |
| Bulge / ballottement | Effusion |
USA Knee Exam: Quick Facts
- Sequence
- Inspect → palpate → ROM → special tests
- Normal flexion
- ~135°
- ACL test
- Lachman (most sensitive)
- Also check
- Hip and neurovascular status
Free practice test
Test what you know
Random questions, instant scoring and an explanation for every answer.
Start the USA Knee Exam practice test →More USA Knee Exam questions
Disclaimer: This guide is for general information and is not medical advice. Coverage, prices and requirements change and vary by provider and location. Confirm details with your provider, insurer or the agency listed in the sources. Read our editorial policy.